Original Tribal Name in The People's Own Language,
Tribal Names Today, And Their Origins
(North American)
This is by no means a complete listing. As you will see from the list of tribal
names at the end of this section, there are many more to be researched. Please
remember a lot of information has been lost over the years.
Updated information provided by Carl Masthay, St. Louis, December 2007, using Wm. Bright’s book, 2004, Blair Rudes’s etymologies, Trigger’s Northeast, 1978, and Wm. Poser, 2003. Wado Carl!
Abenaki (‘dawn people’, or ‘easterners’), also Alnombak
(‘people’), Abenaki.
Alabama (‘[medicinal] plant-cutters’, albaamu ‘plants–to clear’), Alabama.
Anishinaabe (‘original people’ or 7 other possible etymons). The Anishinaabe have two main tribes: Ojibway/Ojibwe/Chippewa (‘puckered’, referring to their moccasin style) and Algonquin (probably a French corruption of the Maliseet word elehgumoqik, ‘they are our allies’, or less likely the Mi'kmaq place name Algoomaking, ‘fish-spearing place’).
Ani-yunwiya (‘principal people’), Cherokee/Tsalagi (possibly from Choctaw chiluk-ki ‘cave people’; Creek chalá:kki ‘Cherokee’; it is not the same as Creek chiló:kki Red Moiety (chilo:kkitá ‘to speak a different language’, Swanton 1946).
Apsa’alooka, Absároke (‘crow, raven’), Crow (English), tribal name.
Attikamekw (‘caribou-fish’, that is, ‘whitefish’), Attikamek Montagnais, also Têtes de Boule (French ‘ball heads’, ‘round heads’; unclear why the French called them this).
Baxoje/Pahoja (‘gray snow’), Ioway (Sante Dakota ayúxba ‘sleepy ones’; unclear how this came to be a tribal name).
Beothuk (probably ‘man, human being’). The Beothuk are extinct today. They were more commonly known as Red Indians (English, after their extensive use of red ocher dye).
Bode'wadmi (?‘firekeepers’, traditional religious role; Ojibwa boodawe ‘makes a fire’, but this is certainly a folk etymology; thus unknown meaning), Potawatomi, tribal name.
Chahta (unanalyzable), Choctaw, tribal name.
Chikashsha, Chickasaw, tribal name.
Dakelh (dakel ‘water travelers’), formerly garbled Taculli, Carrier (English translation of the Sekani name for them, referring to the tribal wife’s mourning ritual of carrying husband’s ashes for 3 years).
Dakota (‘allies’). Band names include Sisseton (‘marsh dwellers’), Wahpeton (‘forest dwellers’), and Yankton (‘living far away’). Dakota Sioux (“Sioux” comes from French from Ottawa naatoweessiwak meaning ‘little massasauga rattlesnakes’, which are ‘heat-seekers’).
Degexit'an, Deg Hit’an (‘people of this land, people here’), Ingalik (Yupik ingqalig ‘Indian’).
Dena'ina (‘people’), Tanaina, tribal name.
Dene (‘people’), Chipewyan (from a Cree word for ‘pointed skin or shirt’, after a traditional clothing style).
Dene Tha (recent usage: deneða ‘true people’), Slavey, Slave (English, from Cree awahka:n ‘captive, slave’).
Dine'e (‘people’), Navajo (from a
Tewa word for ‘planted fields’).
Ditidat (di:ti:d’a:’t?, originally the name of the group living
around Nitinat Lake), Ditidaht, formerly Nitinat (a former pronunciation), tribal
name.
Dunneza (d?neza ‘real people’), Beaver (English translation of a clan name, Tsatinne, tsat’en ‘beaver-people’).
Gaigwu (‘principal people’), Kiowa,
tribal name.
Gitksan (dialectally gitksan, gitxsan, gitxsen ‘people of the Skeena River’),
Gitksan.
Gwich'in (‘people’), Gwich'in or
Kutchin.
Ha'âninin (‘white clay people’), Gros Ventres (French word
for ‘big bellies’, an Indian sign implying ‘always hungry’,
thus ‘beggars’).
Hàt’e: (‘people’ in the northern dialect), Haida.
Havasupai (‘people of the blue-green water’), Havasupai.
Hinonoeino, Hinana’éinan (‘our people’), Arapaho (misunderstood as if from Pawnee iriiraraapuhu ‘trader’, but better Crow aaraxpé-ahu ‘tattoo’).
Ho-Chunk (‘fish/voice + big’, ho-chágra), Winnebago (from an Algonquian word for ‘person of dirty water’ because of dead fish in river).
Hopi (‘peaceful’, ‘civilized’),
Hopi.
Huron; see Wendat.
Huuwaalyapay (‘pine tree people’), Hualapai.
Illiniwek, Illiniwaki (‘those who speak the common language’). A band name still in use today is Peoria (Miami-Illinois peewaareewa ‘one who dreams of him/her [that is, a manitou]’); avoid using Illini ‘man’ as a tribal term; Illinois is a French plural brought into English.
Innu (pronounced iyu ‘man, Indian’), Innu, also Montagnais (French word for ‘mountain people’) and Naskapi (band name, having no workable etymology. The Naskapis themselves say it means ‘hillbillies’! 1990).
Inuit (‘people’), Inuit, also Eskimo
(as if from a Cree name for the Inuit meaning either ‘raw meat eaters’
or ‘snowshoe lacers’, both no longer supportable; “Eskimo”
first designated the Micmacs of Gaspé Peninsula but is now known to mean
‘speaking the language of a foreign land’, 1978).
Ioway; see Baxoje.
Iroquois (many conjectured meanings; from an Algonquian word meaning ‘real
snakes’, but also ‘a terrible man’, or from a Montagnais word
with lost meaning); see also Kanye’kehá:ka’, Kayohkhó:no’,
Onotowá’ka:’, Onotá’ke:kà’, Oneyote'a:kâ:.
Iyiniwok, Ininiwok (‘people’), or Nehiyawok (‘those who speak the same language’), Cree (from the French word for the tribe, Kiristeneaux, of uncertain origin).
Kadohadácho (‘true chiefs’, but kaduhdá:chu’ with last two syllables meaning ‘sharp’), or Hasínai (‘our own people’), Caddo, tribal name.
Kanonsionni (‘people of the longhouse’), as well Haudenosaunee, Seneca hotinohsyóni’ ‘they who are of the extended lodge’. Iroquois Confederacy (see Iroquois).
Kanye’kehá:ka’, Kanye’kehró:no’, Kanienkehaka (‘people of the place of the flintsteel’), Mohawk (from an Algonquian word with best spelling Mohowawogs, 1638, ‘man-eaters’, cognate with Unami Delaware mhuwé:yok ‘cannibal monsters’), also Iroquois, which see.
Kanza (traditionally ‘south wind people’, but now kkáze is a Siouan stem referring to the Dhegiha branch of Siouan), Kaw/Kansa, tribal name.
Karok (‘upriver’), Karok.
Kawchottine (‘big hare people’), Kawchodinne, Hare (English, tribal name).
Kayohkhó:no’, Kayokwehó:no’, Gayogohono (‘people of Oiogouen’, of unclear derivation and not likely ‘swamp people’), Cayuga; see Iroquois.
Kiikaapowa, formerly Kiwigapawa (possibly ‘wanderer’;
the Kickapoos are closest to the Sac and Foxes), Kickapoo, tribal name.
Ktunaxa (of unknown meaning, Canada; ksanka ‘standing arrow’ own
name in Montana), Kootenay, Kootenai, Kutenai (English forms possibly from ktunaxa,
which may have produced the Blackfoot form: kutunáiua).
Kwakw’aka’wakw (‘those who speak Kwákw’ala’),
term that has replaced Kwakiutl (kwágyu’l), one of the internal
divisions of the Kwakw’aka’wakw.
Lakota, Lakhota (‘allies’, like “Dakota”), or Teton (‘prairie dwellers’), Lakota Sioux (see Dakota).
Lenape (‘real, typical, common man’), redundant Lenni Lenape (‘true real-man’), Delaware (after the English name for the Delaware River, named after the British nobleman Thomas West, Lord De la Warr).
Lnu ‘Indian, person’, plural Lnu'k
(‘people’), Mi'kmaq (‘people [in general]’, Bernie Francis
1999), Mi'kmaq (pronounced /meeg(?)max/), Micmac.
Lumbee is a modern tribal name, but it might come from a Carolina Algonquian
word perhaps meaning ‘dark water’, the traditional name of a river
in their territory, Spanish Arambe, Ilapi, Herape. The Lumbee people descend
from a coalition of Carolina Indian tribes, each of whom originally had its
own tribal name (Cheraw, Catawba, Croatan, etc.).
Maklaks (maqlaqs ‘human being’), Klamath (Upper Chinookan lámal ‘they of the river’).
Mamâceqtaw (‘Indian, human being’), Omaeqnomenêw ‘Menominee’, of obscure origin, but Menominee (from Ojibwa manoominii meaning ‘wild rice people’).
Meskwaki (meshkwahkiiha ‘red earth one’), Fox Indian (from clan name wagosh ‘red fox’).
Mikasuki (from an old town; miki ‘chief’
+ adshóki ‘many’?), Miccosukee, tribal name; also Seminole
(from Creek Simanóle ‘separatist, runaway’, from Spanish
cimarrón ‘untamed, wild’).
Mi'kmaq (‘people [in general]’, Bernie Francis 1999), Mi'kmaq (pronounced
/meeg(?)max/), Micmac.
Minisink (‘island-on’), Munsee, tribal
name.
Moyauhegunnewog for Mohegan, uncertain but possibly ‘people of the mouth
of the river where it opens out into a harbor’ (Speck). This has nothing
at all to do with the similar-sounding northern Algonquian forms of “wolf,”
as promulgated recently by the Mohegans, originally a place name shortened for
a tribal name), Mohegan, not to be confused with Mohican, 95 miles westward
of them.
Muhhekaneok, Muhheakunnuk (‘those of the great tide water’, name of a river in their homeland, Mahicanituck), Mahican, Mohican, or Stockbridge Indians (the name of a town they settled in temporarily); not to be confused with Mohegan, 95 miles eastward of them.
Muskogee (meaning not known), Creek (after the English name for a river in their homeland), also Seminole (from Creek Simanóle ‘separatist, runaway’, from Spanish cimarrón ‘untamed, wild’).
Myaamia (no etymology despite traditional and recent attempts), Miami, or Maumee, tribal name in Indiana and Illinois, originally from southern Michigan. Do not confuse with Miami, Florida, from sixteenth-century Muskogean lake name Mayaimi (assumed to mean ‘very large’).
Naiaganset (‘point-small-at’: ‘at a small point of land’, a geographical location in their homeland), Narragansett, tribal name.
Nakota (‘allies’; compare with Dakota, Lakota), Assiniboine (from Ojibwa word ‘cooks with stones’), or Stoney (English word with the same idea), but now possibly ‘stone’ + *pwaatha ‘enemy tribesman’.
Ndee (‘people’), Apache (from a Zuni word for ‘enemy’).
Niukonska (‘middle water’), a recent
term for Osage (from Wazhazhe, of unknown meaning, a band name).
Ntlaka’pamux (nle’kepmx, of unknown meaning), Thompson (in honor
of the explorer David Thompson).
Numakiki (‘people’), Mandan (possibly from some Siouan word for ‘riverbank people’).
Numinu (‘people’), Comanche (from
Ute komanteia ‘one who always wants to fight me’).
Nuuchahnulth (nucha:n’ul ‘mountain-along’ + th ‘people’:
‘people along the mountain range’, term created in 1978), Nootka
(English from Captain Cook’s misunderstanding of a native’s description
of a boat circling the area).
Nuutsiu, or Nunt’zi (‘people’), Ute (Spanish yuta, perhaps from Western Apache yúdah ‘high [in the mountains]’).
Nuxbaaga (‘original people’), Hidatsa (possibly ‘willows’, from the name of a village), also Gros Ventres (French for ‘big bellies’, Indian sign for tattooed stripes across chest) and Minitarí (from a Mandan word for ‘they crossed the water’).
Odawa (‘to buy’, thus ‘traders’), Ottawa, tribal name (the Canadian capital is named after this tribe).
Olekwo'l (‘persons’), Yurok (from a Karok word for ‘downriver’).
Oneyote'a:kâ: (‘people of the erected stone [a large syenite granite boulder]’), Oneida, tribal name; see also Iroquois.
Onotá’ke:kà’, Onundaga'ono (‘hill or mountain people’), Onondaga, tribal name; see also Iroquois.
Onotowá’ka:’ (‘people of the big hill’), Seneca (‘stone place’, probably a corrupted version of an Algonquian village name, Osininka, and as the tribal name Sinnekens, for the Seneca, which shifted from being restricted to the Oneida from an earlier too wide designation of the four tribes Seneca, Oneida, Cayuga, and Onondaga); see also Iroquois.
Panawahpskek (‘rocks spread out’, location in their homeland), Penobscot, tribal name.
Pekwatawog (‘destroyers’, unclear
whether this was their own name for themselves or given by neighbors with a
similar language), Pequot, tribal name.
Peoria; see Illiniwek.
Peskotomuhkati (‘where pollock leap out [with abundance]’, Pestomuhkati[k] ‘where one spears pollock’, Peskotomuhkat ‘one who spears pollock’), Passamaquoddy, tribal name.
Powhatan (like Pontiac, Michigan, ‘falling water’, the name of their principal village), Powhatan (pronounced /POW-uh-t’n/), though many tribes of the old confederacy have returned to using their own names (Pamunkey, Mattaponi, etc.).
Qlispél (‘camas [an edible plant]’), Kalispel, or Pend d'Oreilles (French for ‘ear pendants’, which the people wore).
Qwulhhwaipum (‘prairie people’), Klickitat (if not Chinook for ‘beyond [the mountains]’, then Sahaptin lataxat, the name of the Klickitat River).
Sahnish (‘original people’), Arikara (folk etymology from either paariiku’ ‘horn’ or arikaraaru’ ‘buck deer’, referring to wearing two bones in hair, standing up like horns), but this is not the Pawnee name for the Arikaras.
Saki (Ojibwa osaakii ‘people of the outlet’), Sac, Sauk, tribal name.
Schitsu'umsh, Snchitsu’umshtsu (‘people found here’), Coeur d'Alene (French for ‘heart like an awl’, unclear exactly why they called them this).
Shawanwa (‘southerner’), Shawnee, tribal name.
Shuyelpee (name of a village), Colville, after the English name Fort Colville in honor of Andrew Colvile (with one el); in Canada it is called Okanagan (own name nsilxcín) (English for ukwnaqínx, a cover term for all the people in the Okanagan River drainage).
Siksika (‘black foot’, referring
to their moccasins discolored by ashes). Band names still in use today include
Pikuni (‘poorly processed robes’) and Kainai (‘many chiefs.’)
Blackfoot/Blackfeet (English translations of the tribal name; plural: Siksikéíks,
‘Blackfeet’; Siksikaikoaisti ‘Blackfoot Indian persons’).
The English also called the Kainai band the Bloods because of their red face
paint.
Sm’algax, sm’álka? (‘the real language’), Coast
Tsimshian (English for ts’imsyæn ‘at the entrance of the Skeena
River’).
St’at’imcets (properly stl’atl’imxts, of unknown meaning),
Lillooet (lil’wat, the name for Mount Currie).
Ta:lta:n (from a place name in their territory), Tahltan (tribal name from Tlingit
for a low flat at the mouth of the Tahltan River serving as a trading ground).
Taskarú:de (a is like u in but; Catawba name from tas ‘salt’ + karu:- ‘dry, evaporate’ + -de: ‘eater’: ‘eaters of dried salt’, Rudes 1998; Skaruren ‘hemp gathererers’ is a traditional error), Tuscarora, tribal name.
Tetawken (‘we people’), Cayuse (despite French word for ‘rocky’, the etymology is unknown).
Thlingchadine (‘dog flank people’, from a traditional legend), Dogrib (English translation of tribal name).
Titcakhanotene (‘people of Titcakhano’), Tahltan (tribal name from Tlingit for a low flat at the mouth of the Tahltan River serving as a trading ground).
Títskan Wátich (‘indigenous
people’), Tonkawa (from the Waco name for the tribe, tonkawéya,
doubtfully meaning ‘they keep together’).
Tlingit (li:ngít, of unknown meaning), Tlingit.
Tsek'ehne, T?ek’ehne (‘people of
the rocks’), Sekani, tribal name.
Tsilhqot’in (tsilqot’in ‘people of the young man’s river’),
Chilcotin (English name), tribal name.
Tsitsistas (‘people alike, our people’), Cheyenne (from French from Dakota Sioux shahíyena ‘little shahíya’, probably Dakota name for the Cree, possibly ‘speaking a strange language’).
Ugakhpa, Okáxpa (‘downstream’), Quapaw, tribal name.
Umon'hon (umáha ‘upstream’, ‘against the current’), Omaha, tribal name.
Wampanoag (‘eastern people’), also Massachusett (‘big-hillock-at’, possibly ‘range of hills’) and Pokanoket (pronounced /PAH-kuh-NAH-ket/, ‘wood’ or ‘clearing-at’, name of their principal village), Wampanoag, Wâpanaaki.
Wendat (not ‘islanders’ but from
skawe:nat ‘one language’ or tsha’tekawénat ‘the
same language’ or Huron [wendat] ‘forest’ or [yandata] ‘village’),
Wendat/Wyandot, or Huron (from a French word for ‘bristled’ as with
a wild boar, lion, or man).
W?néhtkoow in Munsee, W?nétku in Unami (unknown meaning or possibly
‘tidewater people’), Nentego, Nanticoke, tribal name.
Wiyot (/WEE-yaht/, blanket name of unknown meaning given by the Wishosk but involving the lower course of the Eel River area; compare their kuhwil ‘people, man, Indian, person, human, creature’; they speak an Algic language equidistant from Yurok as the rest of Algonquian), Wiyot.
Wolastoqiyik (‘beautiful river’, name of the river running through their homeland), Maliseet (from Mi'kmaq word meaning ‘talks imperfectly’).
Yahi = Yana (‘Indian, person’), Yahi is a tribal name and language in the Yanan group of the Hokan family along with Yana, comprising three dialects. The last survivor of Yahi was Ishi ‘man’.
Yavapai (‘people of the sun’; possibly
‘easterner’, ñav ko pai), Yavapai.
Native American Tribes
A
A'ane (Aane, A'ananin), Abenaki (Abanaki, Abinaki, Abenaqui), Abnaki-Penobscot,
Absaaloke (Absaalooke, Absaloke, Absaroke, Absalooke, Absarokee, Absaroka),
Achumawi (Achomawi), Acjachemen (Acjachemem, Acjachamen), Acoma, Agua Caliente,
Adai, Ahahnelin, Ahe, Ahtna (Ahtena, Atna), Ajachemem (Ajachemen, Ajachamem,
Ajachmem), Akainawa, Akawaio (Akawayo, Acawaio), Akimel O'odham, Akwa'ala (Akwaala,
Akwala), Alabama-Coushatta, Aleut, Alutiiq, Algonquians (Algonkians), Algonquin
(Algonkin), Aliklik (Alliklik), Alkansea, Alnobak (Alnôbak, Alnombak,
Aln8bak), Alsea (Älsé, Alséya), Amalecite, Andaste, Anishinaabe
(Anishinabe, Anishinabemowin, Anishinabeg, Anishinabek, Anishnabay), Aniyunwiya,
Antoniaño, Apache, Apalachee (Appalachee, Apalachi), Applegate, Apsaaloke
(Apsaalooke, Apsaloke, Apsaroke, Apsarokee, Apsaroka), Apwaruge (Apwarugeyi,
Apwarugewi), Arapaho (Arapahoe, Arrapaho, Arrapahoe), Arawak, Arikara (Arikari),
Arkansas, Asakiwaki, Assiniboine (Assiniboin), Atakapa, Atfalati, Atikamekw
(Atikamek, Attikamek, Attimewk), Atsina, Atsugewi (Atsuge, Atsugeyi, Atsukeyi,
Atsuke), Araucano (Araucanian),
Atzinca (Atzinteco, Atzintec), Ayisiyiniwok, Aztec
B
Babine, Bahwika (Bhawika), Bannock, Barbareño, Bear River, Beaver, Bella
Bella, Bella Coola, Beothuks (Beothuck, Betoukuag), Bettol, Biloxi, Black Carib,
Blackfoot (Blackfeet), Blood Indians, Bode'wadmi, Bora
C
Cabanapo, Caddo (Caddoe), Cahita, Cahto, Cahuilla, Calapooya (Calapuya, Calapooia),
Calusa (Caloosa), Carib, Carolina Algonquian, Carquin, Carrier, Caska, Catawba,
Cathlamet, Catlotlq, Cayuga, Cayuse, Celilo, Central Pomo, Chahta, Chalaque,
Chappaquiddick (Chappaquiddic, Chappiquidic), Chawchila (Chawchilla), Chehalis,
Chelan, Chemehuevi, Cheraw, Cheroenhaka (Cheroenkhaka, Cherokhaka), Cherokee,
Cheyenne (Cheyanne), Chickamaugan, Chickasaw (Chikasha), Chilcotin, Chilula-Wilkut,
Chimariko, Chinook, Chinook Jargon, Chipewyan (Chipewyin, Chippewyin), Chippewa,
Chitimacha (Chitamacha), Chocheno, Choctaw, Cholon, Chontal de Oaxaca, Chontal
de Tabasco (Chontal Maya), Choynimni (Choinimni), Chukchansi, Chumash, Clackamas
(Clackama), Clallam, Clatskanie (Clatskanai, Clackstar), Clatsop, Cmique, Coastal
Cree, Cochimi, Cochiti, Cocopa (Cocopah, Cocopá), Coeur d'Alene, Cofan,
Columbia (Columbian), Colville, Comanche, Comcaac, Comox, Conestoga, Coos (Coosan),
Copper River Athabaskan, Coquille, Cora (Corapan), Coso, Costanoan, Coushatta,
Cowichan, Cowlitz, Cree, Creek, Croatan (Croatoan), Crow, Cruzeño, Cuna,
Cucupa (Cucupá, Cucapá), Cupeno (Cupeño, Cupa), Cupik (Cu'pik,
Cuit)
D
Dakelh, Dakota, Dakubetede, Dawson, Degexit'an (Deg Xit'an, Deg Hit'an, Deg
Xinag), Delaware, Dena'ina (Denaina), Dene, Dene Suline (Denesuline), Dene Tha,
Diegueno, Dine (Dineh), Djimaliko (Djimariko), Dogrib, Dohema (Dohma), Duhlelap,
Dumna, Dunne-za (Dane-zaa, Dunneza),
E
Eastern Inland Cree, Eastern Pomo, Ecclemachs, Eel River Athabascan, Eenou (Eeyou),
Eskimo, Esselen, Etchemin (Etchimin), Etnemitane, Euchee, Eudeve (Eudebe, Endeve),
Excelen, Eyak
F
Fernandeno (Fernandeño), Flathead Salish, Fox, French Cree
G
Gabrielino (Gabrieleño), Gaigwu, Galibi, Galice, Garifuna, Gashowu, Gitxsan
(Gitksan, Gitsken, Giklsan, Gityskyan), Goltsan, Gosiute (Goshute), Gros Ventre,
Guarijio (Guarihio, Guarijío), Gulf, Gwich'in (Gwichin, Gwitchin),
H
Haida, Haisla, Halkomelem (Halqomelem, Halqomeylem), Han (Hän, Hankutchin,
Han Hwech'in), Hanesak, Hanis, Hare, Hatteras, Haudenosaunee, Havasupai, Hawaiian,
Heiltsuk, Heve, Hiaki, Hichiti, Hidatsa (Hinatsa), Hinonoeino, Hitchiti, Hocak
(Ho-Chunk, Hochunk), Hochelagan, Holikachuk, Holkomelem, Homalco, Hoopa, Hopi,
Hopland Pomo, Hualapai, Huarijio (Huarihio, Huarijío), Huelel, Huichol
(Huichola), Huichun, Hupa, Huron, Hutyeyu, Hwech'in
I
Illini (Illiniwek, Illinois), Inca, Ineseño (Inezeño), Ingalik
(Ingalit), Innoko, Innu, Inuktitut (Inuit, Inupiat, Inupiaq, Inupiatun), Inuna-Ina,
Iowa-Oto (Ioway), Iroquois Confederacy, Ishak, Isleño, Isleta, Itza Maya
(Itzaj, Itzah), Iviatim, Iynu
J
James Bay Cree, Jemez, Juaneno (Juaneño), Juichun
K
Kabinapek, Kahwan, Kainai (Kainaiwa), Kalapuya (Kalapuyan, Kalapooya, Kalapooia,
Kalapooian, Kalapooyan), Kalihna (Kalinha, Kalina), Kanenavish, Kanien'kehaka
(Kanienkehaka), Kalispel, Kansa (Kanza, Kanze), Karkin, Karok (Karuk), Kashaya,
Kaska, Kaskaskia, Kathlamet (Katlamet), Kato, Kaw, Kawaiisu (Kawaisu), Kechan,
Kenaitze (Kenai), Keres (Keresan), Kichai, Kickapoo (Kikapoo, Kikapu), Kikima,
Kiksht, Kiliwa (Kiliwi, Ko'lew), Kiowa, Kiowa Apache, Kitanemuk, Kitsai (K'itsash),
Klahoose, Klallam, Klamath-Modoc, Klatskanie (Klatskanai, Klaatshan), Klatsop,
Klickitat, Koasati, Kolchan, Konkow (Konkau), Konomihu, Kootenai (Ktunaxa, Kutenai),
Koso, Koyukon, Kuitsh, Kulanapo (Kulanapan, Kulanapa), Kumeyaay/Kumiai, Kuna,
Kupa (Kupangaxwichem), Kusan, Kuskokwim, Kutchin (Kootchin), Kwaiailk, Kw'al,
Kwakiutl (Kwakwala), Kwalhioqua, Kwantlen, Kwapa (Kwapaw), Kwedech, Kweedishchaaht
(Kweneecheeaht), Kwikipa, Kwinault (Kwinayl)
L
Laguna, Lakhota (Lakota), Lakmiak (Lakmayut), Lassik, Latkawa, Laurentian (Lawrencian),
Lecesem, Lenape (Lenni Lenape), Lillooet, Lipan Apache, Listiguj (Listuguj),
Llaamen, Lnuk (L'nuk, L'nu'k, Lnu), Lokono, Loucheux (Loucheaux), Loup, Lower
Chehalis, Lower Coquille, Lower Cowlitz, Lower Tanana, Lower Umpqua, Luckiamute
(Lukiamute), Luiseno, Lumbee, Lummi, Lushootseed, Lutuamian
M
Macushi (Macusi), Mahican, Maidu, Makah, Makushi (Makusi), Maliseet (Malecite,
Malécite, Maliceet, Malisit, Malisset), Maliseet-Passamaquoddy, Mamaceqtaw,
Mandan, Mangoac, Mapuche (Mapudungun, Mapudugan), Maricopa, Massachusett (Massachusetts),
Massasoit (Massassoit, Mashpee), Mattabesic Mattole, Maumee, Matlatzinca (Maklasinca,
Maklatzinca), Mayan, Mayo, Mengwe, Menominee (Menomini), Mescalero-Chiricahua,
Meskwaki (Mesquaki-Sauk, Mesquakie), Metis Creole, Mewoc, Miami-Illinois, Miccosukee,
Michif, Micmac (Micmaq, Mickmack, Mi'gmaq), Migueleño, Mikasuki, Mi'kmaq
(Mikmaq, Mikmak, Mikmaw, Mi'kmaw, Mi'kmawi'simk, Mikmawisimk, Míkmaq,
Míkmaw, Míkmawísimk), Miluk, Mingo, Minqua, Minsi, Minto,
Miskito (Miskitu, Misquito, Mosquito), Missouria, Mitchif, Miwok (Miwoc, Miwuk),
Mixe, Mixtec (Mixteco, Mixteca), Mobilian Trade Jargon, Modoc, Mohave, Mohawk,
Mohegan, Mohican, Mojave, Molale (Molalla, Molala, Molele, Molel), Monache (Mono),
Montagnais, Montauk, Moosehide, Multnomah, Munsee (Munsie, Muncey, Muncie),
Muskogee (Muscogee, Mvskoke), Musqueam, Mutsun
N
Nabesna, Nabiltse, Nadot'en (Nadoten, Natooten, Natoot'en, Natut'en), Nahane
(Nahani, Nahanni, Nahanne), Nahuat, Nahuatl, Naklallam, Nakoda (Nakota), Nambe,
Nanticoke, Nantucket, Narragansett, Naskapi, Nass-Gitxsan, Natchez, Natick,
Naugutuck, Navajo (Navaho), Nawat, Nayhiyuwayin, Nde, Nee-me-poo, Nehiyaw (Nehiyawok),
Netela, Nevome, New Blackfoot, Newe, Nez Perce, Niantic, Nicola, Niitsipussin
(Niitsitapi), Nimipu (Nimiipuu, Nimi'ipuu, Nimi'ipu), Nipmuc, Nisenan (Nishinam),
Nisga'a (Nisgaa, Nisgha, Nishga, Niska, Nisk'a), Nlaka'pamux (Nlakapamux, Ntlakapamux,
Ntlakapmuk, Nklapmux), Nomlaki (Nomalaki), Nooksack (Nooksak), Nootka (Nutka),
Nootsack (Nootsak), Northeastern Pomo, Northern Carrier, Northern Cheyenne,
Nottoway, Nsilxin, Nuooah, Nutunutu, Nuxalk, Nuxwstlayamutsen, Nxak'amxcin
O
Oaxaca Chontal, Obispeño, Ocuiltec (Ocuilteco), Odawa, Ofo (Ofogoula),
Ogahpah (Ogaxpa), Ohlone, Ojibwa (Ojibway, Ojibwe, Ojibwemowin), Oji-Cree, Okanagan
(Okanogan), Okwanuchu, Old Blackfoot, Omaha-Ponca, Oneida, Onondaga, O'ob No'ok
(O:b No'ok), O'odham (Oodham), Opata, Osage, Otchipwe, Otoe, Ottawa
P
Pai, Paipai, Paiute, Palaihnihan (Palaihnih, Palahinihan), Palewyami, Palouse,
Pamlico, Panamint, Panoan, Pantlatch (Pantlach), Papago-Pima, Pascua Yaqui,
Passamaquoddy, Patuxet, Patwin, Paugussett (Paugusset), Paviotso, Pawnee, Peigan,
Pend D'Oreille, Penobscot (Penobscott, Pentagoet), Pentlatch (Pentlach), Peoria,
Pequot, Peskotomuhkati, Picuris, Piegan (Piikani, Pikani, Pikanii, Pikuni),
Pima, Pima Bajo, Pipil, Pit River, Plains Indian Sign Language, Pojoaque, Pomo
(Pomoan), Ponca, Poospatuck (Poosepatuk, Poospatuk, Poosepatuck), Popoluca (Popoloca),
Porcupine Indians, Potawatomi (Potowatomi, Pottawatomie, Potawatomie), Powhatan
(Powhattan, Powhaten, Powatan), Pueblo, Puget Sound Salish, Puntlatch (Puntlach),
Purisimeño, Putún
Q
Quapaw (Quapa), Quechan, Quechua, Quilcene, Quileute, Quinault, Quinnipiac (Quinnipiack),
Quiripi
R
Raramuri (Ralamuli), Red Indians, Restigouche, Rumsen, Runasimi
S
Saanich, Sac, Sahaptin, Salhulhtxw, Salinan, Salish, Samish, Sandia, Sanish
(Sahnish), San Felipe, San Ildefonso, San Juan, Sanpoil, Santa Ana, Santa Clara,
Santiam, Santo Domingo, Saponi (Saponey), Sarcee (Sarsi, Sarsee), Sastean (Sasta),
Satsop, Savannah, Sauk, Saulteaux, Schaghticoke (Scaticook), Sechelt, Secwepemc
(Secwepmec, Secwepmectsin, Secwepemctsin), Sekani, Selkirk, Seminoles, Seneca,
Seri, Serrano, Seshelt, Severn Ojibwe, Sextapay, Shanel, Shashishalhem, Shasta
(Shastika, Shastan), Shawnee (Shawano), Shinnecock, Shoshone (Shoshoni), Shuar,
Shuswap, Sierra Chontal, Siksika (Siksikawa), Siletz, Similkameen, Sinkiuse
(Sincayuse), Sinkyone, Sioux, Siuslaw, Skagit, Skicin, S'Klallam, Skokomish,
Skraeling, Skwamish, Slavey (Slave, Slavi), Sliammon (Sliamon), Sm'algyax, Snichim,
Snohomish, Songish, Sooke, Souriquois (Sourquois), Southeastern Pomo, Southern
Paiute, Spokane (Spokan), Squamish, Sqwxwu7mish (Sqwxwu7mesh), Stadaconan, St'at'imcets
(St'at'imc, St'at'imx, Stl'atl'imc, Stl'atl'imx, Stlatlimc), Stl'pulimuhkl (Stlpulmsh,
Slpulmsh), Stockbridge, Sto:lo, Stoney, Straits Salish, Sugpiaq (Sugpiak), Suquamish,
Sulateluk, Susquehannock, Suwal, Swampy Cree, Swinomish
T
Tabasco Chontal, Tachi (Tache), Tahltan, Tagish, Tahcully, Taino, Takelma (Takilma),
Takla, Taltushtuntede (Taltushtuntude), Tamyen, Tanacross, Tanaina, Tanana,
Tano, Taos, Tarahumara, Tataviam, Tauira (Tawira), Teguima (Teguime), Tehachapi,
Ten'a, Tenino, Tepehuan (Tepehuano, Tepecano), Tequistlateco (Tequistlatec),
Tesuque, Tetawken, Tete-de-Boule (Tetes-de-Boules), Tewa, Thompson, Tigua, Tillamook,
Timbisha (Timbasha), Timucua, Tinde, Tinneh, Tiwa, Tjekan, Tlahuica (Tlahura),
Tlatskanie (Tlatskanai), Tlatsop, Tlicho (Tlicho Dinne, Thlingchadine), Tlingit
(Tlinkit), Tohono O'odham, Tolowa, Tongva (Tongvan), Tonkawa, Towa, Tsalagi
(Tsa-la-gi), Tsattine (Tsa Tinne, Tza Tinne), Tsekani (Tse'khene, Tsek'ehne),
Tsetsehestahese, Tsetsaut (Ts'ets'aut), Tsilhqot'in (Tzilkotin), Tsimshian (Tsimpshian),
Tsinuk, Tsinuk Wawa, Tsitsistas, Tsooke, Tsoyaha, Tsuu T'ina (Tsuut'ina), Tualatin,
Tubar (Tubare), Tubatulabal, Tukudh (Takudh), Tulalip, Tümpisa (Tumpisa,
Tümbisha, Tumbisha), Tunica, Tupi, Tuscarora, Tutchone, Tutelo, Tututni,
Tuwa'duxqucid, Tuwa'duqutsid, Twana, Twatwa (Twightwee)
U
Uchi (Uche, Uchean, Uchee), Ukiah (Ukian, Uki, Ukia), Ukomnom, Umatilla, Unami,
Unangan (Unangax), Unkechaug (Unquachog) Upper Chehalis, Upper Chinook, Upper
Cowlitz, Upper Kuskokwim, Upper Tanana, Upper Umpqua, Ute
V
Vaniuki (Vaniuqui), Varijio (Varihio, Varijío), Ventureño, Virginian
Algonkin
W
Wabanaki, Wailaki (Wailakki), Wailatpu (Waylatpu), Walapai, Walla Walla, Waluulapam,
Wampano, Wampanoag, Wanapam, Wanki (Wangki), Wappinger, Wappo, Warijio (Warihio,
Warijío), Warm Springs, Wasco-Wishram, Washo (Washoe), Watiru, Wazhazhe,
Wea, Wenatchi (Wenatchee, Wenachee, Wenachi), Wendat, Weott, Western Pomo, Whilkut,
White Clay People, Wichita (Witchita), Wikchamni, Wilewakiute, Willapa (Willopah),
Winnebago, Wintu (Wintun), Wishram, Witsuwit'en (Witsuwiten, Wits'uwit'en, Wets'uwet'en,
Wetsuweten), Wiyot (Wi'yot, Wishosk), Wobanaki, Wolastoqewi (Wolastoqiyik),
Wyandot (Wyandotte), Wynoochie
Y
Yakama, Yakima, Yaquina (Yakwina, Yakona, Yakonan, Yakon), Yavapai, Yawelmani,
Yaqui, Yinka Dene, Yneseño (Ynezeño), Yocot'an, Yokaya (Yokaia,
Yakaya), Yokuts (Yokut, Yokutsan), Yoncalla (Yonkalla), Yowlumni, Ysleño,
Ysleta del Sur, Yucatec Maya (Yucateco, Yucatan), Yuchi (Yuchee) Yuhaviatam,
Yukaliwa, Yuki (Yukian), Yuma, Yupik (Yu'pik, Yuit), Yurok (Yu'rok)
Z
Zapotec (Zapoteco), Zia, Zimshian, Zoque, Zuni
If anyone has any verified information on any of the above that I have not mentioned please email me and state where your verification comes from so that I may check and then add to the list. Wado!